Human Body Basics:-
The systemic approach to learning human anatomy is through the learning of the various Organ Systems. Organs of the body are grouped together based on co-operative functions and can be easily taught by studying them within the systems.
The Human Body comprises of the following organ systems:-
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Respiratory System
Cardio-vascular System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Lymphatic System
The Human Body can be broadly divided into 3 sections.
- Head
- Body
- Limbs
The Head
The Head comprises of the skull , face and brain.
It supports the structures of the face and provides a protective covering for the brain.
The skull is composed of two parts: the cranium and the mandible.
The skull has 22 bones out of which 8 bones form the Cranium.
The bones in your skull can be divided into the cranial bones, which form your cranium, and facial bones, which make up the face.
The 8 bones in the cranium forms a “Vault” which encloses and protects the brain. They are the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
The Body
The Body comprises of the Chest and the Abdomen.
The Chest is supported by the Rib cage and the Sternum as a part of the Skeletal structure.
They protect the organs like heart, lungs, oesophagus and trachea situated in the chest region.
The abdomen can be divided into Upper and Lower Abdomens.
The Upper abdomen holds the following organs:-
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Spleen
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Kidney.
The Lower abdomen holds the following organs:-
Urinary Bladder
Colon
Rectum
Reproductive Organs
Division of Abdomen
The abdomen is the part of the body between the chest and pelvis. It is encclosed by the diaphragm on the upper end and the pelvic bones at the lower end.
Nine Divisions of the Abdomen are:-
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A. Right hypochondriac region
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B. Epigastric Region
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C. Left hypochondriac region
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D. Right lumbar region
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E. Umbilical region
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F. Left lumbar region
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G. Right illiac region
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H. Hypogastric region
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I. Left illiac region
Muscles of the Abdomen
The anatomic planes of the abdomen are made up of multiple muscular layers that form a protective covering for the underlying visceral organs and provides strength and stability to the body’s trunk. The abdomen comprises of the following major muscles namely–