Bones of Lower Extremity
- The part of the body that includes the upper leg bone, the lower leg bones, the knee and the feet comprises of ” The Lower Extremity”.
- Each lower limb is made up of 30 bones.
- These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, seven tarsal bones, five metatarsal bones, and 14 phalanges.
The femur is the single bone of the thigh. Its rounded head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint.
The Pelvic Girdle
- The pelvic girdle is the link between the axial skeleton and lower extremities.
- This region helps in motion, stability, and shock absorption and distributes the body weight evenly to the lower extremities .
- The bones of the pelvic girdle (pelvis) are the sacrum, innominate and two femurs. The innominate bone includes the fused ilium (largest pelvic bone), ischium, and pubis on each side (which typically fuse by the end of puberty).
- The pelvis of females is usually wider than that of males.The sacrum articulates with the pelvis on each side, forming the sacroiliac joints. The pelvis articulates with each femur at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
The Hip Joint:-
- The hip joint is a ball-and-socket (enarthrodial) joint and is one of the most mobile joints in the body. The hip joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal head of the femur with the acetabulum of the pelvis.The femoral head is covered with hyaline cartilage and the acetabulum is lined with hyaline cartilage as well.
The Knee Joint:-
- The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.
- The knee joint joins the distal end of femur, proximal tibia, and patella.
- The tibia is the major weight-bearing bone of the leg. The fibula is not considered part of the knee joint.
- The patella (kneecap) is a triangular sesamoid bone that is located within the patellar tendon of the quadriceps muscle group. The patella protects the anterior knee joint from damage.
- It lengthens the lever arm of the quadriceps femoris, and increases the area of contact between the patellar ligament and the femur.
The Human Feet:-
Each feet has 7 tarsals bones, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges
The human leg consists of the following bones:-
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges.
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