The Vertebral Column
The Vertebral Column is not a single bone structure. It comprises of 33 irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that are attached to each other by fibrocartilaginous discs called intervertebral discs.
- The Vertebral Column has a total of 33 vertebrae of which 24 are mobile vertebrae and 9 are fused vertebrae.
The 24 number of mobile vertebrae comprise of - Cervical Vertebrae (The 1st to 7th vertebral bones)
- 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (The 8th to 19th vertebral bones)
- 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (The 20th to 24th vertebral bones)
- The sacrum is a collection of five fused vertebrae. It is described as an inverted triangle in shape.
- The coccyx is a a collection of four fused vertebrae which articulates with the apex of the sacrum.
The Cervical Vertebrae
There are 7 Cervical Vertebrae in the human body. The main features of Cervical Vertebrae are:
- Bifid spinous process – the spinous process that bifurcates at its distal end. Exceptions: C1 (no spinous process) and C7 (spinous process is longer than that of C2-C6).
- Transverse foramina – an opening in each transverse process, through which the related arteries move to the brain.
- Triangular vertebral foramen
Two cervical vertebrae that are unique. C1 and C2 (called the atlas and axis respectively), are twcervical vertebrae that allow the movement of the head.
C1 to C7 are connected at the back of the bone by facet joints, due to which the forward, backward and twisting motions of the neck are possible.
Thoracic Vertebrae
- The 12 Thoracic Vertebrae are medium-sized, and increase in size from superior to inferior end . Their function is to articulate with ribs and form the thorax. Each thoracic vertebra has two ‘demi facets,’ superiorly and inferiorly placed on either side of its vertebral body. The demi facets articulate with the heads of two different ribs.
Lumbar Vertebrae
There are 5 lumbar vertebrae which are the largest in the vertebral column. They are help to support the weight of the torso.They have very large kidney-shaped vertebral bodies. They lack the characteristic features of other vertebrae, with no transverse foramina, costal facets, or bifid spinous processes.
But they have a triangular-shaped vertebral foramen. Their spinous processes are shorter than those of thoracic vertebrae and do not extend inferiorly below the level of the vertebral body.
Sacrum
The Sacrum is a collection of five fused vertebrae. It is an inverted triangle, with the apex pointing inferiorly. The sacrum is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and is connected to the pelvis. On the lateral walls of the sacrum are facets for articulation with the pelvis at the sacroiliac joints.
Coccyx
The Coccyx is a small bone which articulates with the apex of the sacrum. It comprises of two to four tiny, partially fused vertebrae known as the coccyx or “tail bone”. The coccyx provides slight support for the pelvic organs but actually is a bone of little use.
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