Muscles of Thoracic Region: The Chest
The muscles that form the chest area are the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, the anterior deltoids, trapezius, serratus anterior, diaphragm, and the intercostal muscles.
Pectoralis Major :
The pectoral region is located on the anterior chest wall It is large and fan shaped, and is composed of a sternal head and a clavicular head.
- Origin & Insertion:
The pectoralis major has a broad origin and is divided into three parts: clavicular part, sternocostal part and abdominal part. All three parts converge laterally and insert onto the greater tubercle of humerus.
- Function: Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb and draws the scapula in anterior and inferior planes.
Pectoralis Minor :
The pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle that lies underneath its larger counterpart muscle, pectoralis major.
- Origin & Insertion:
Originates in the ribs and inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula.
- Function: stabilization, protraction, internal rotation and downward rotation of the scapula.
Serratus Anterior:
The serratus anterior is located more laterally in the chest wall and forms the medial border of the axilla region. The muscle consists of several strips, which originate from the lateral aspects of rib (1-8) and attach to the medial border of the scapula.
- Function: Protraction and rotation of the scapula. It is also a scapular stabilizer.
The Diaphragm:-
The diaphragm is the primary muscle used in respiration. This dome-shaped muscle is located just below the lungs and heart. It contracts continually as we breathe in and out. This thin skeletal muscle separates the abdomen from the chest. A vacuum effect is created when the diaphragm contracts and flattens during inhalation. This process pulls air into the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and the air is pushed out of
lungs.
The Intercostal Muscles:
The intercostal muscles are a group of muscles in the rib cage that occupy the 11 intercostal spaces. They are divided into three groups:-
External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles
They act as respiratory muscles and participate in the process of breathing.
Subclavius Muscles:
The subclavius is a small muscle, which runs horizontally and lies underneath the clavicle. The main function of the subclavius is to stabilize the clavicle during movements of the shoulder girdle. It also protects the adjacent neurovascular structures during any injury of the clavicle.
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