Abdominal Muscles

Muscles of The Abdomen

Abdominal muscles are strong bands of muscles lining the trunk of your body. They’re located in anterior and posterior sides of your body, between your ribs and your pelvis. The abdominal muscles support the trunk, helping with movement and holding the organs in place. The abdominal muscles may be divided broadly into anterior and posterior components.

Anterior Abdominal Muscles that form the core are pyramidalis, rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques, and transverse abdominus. These muscles along with the deeper muscles of the core and the spine operate to stabilize and balance the body and maintain good posture.

Posterior muscles include psoas major and quadratus lumborum bilaterally. Although not exactly referred to as abdominal muscles, but some of the back muscles like multifidus, erector spinae and serratus posterior work in harmony with the abdominal muscles and stabilize the trunk and the pelvic floor during movements and rotation.

External Oblique :

This muscle is attached to the anterior abdominal wall. They run from the sides of the body toward the middle. It is the largest and most superficial of the abdominal wall muscles and is flat in shape.

Origin & Insertion:
Originates from the ribs 5-12 and inserts onto the iliac crest and pubic tubercle.
Function: Flexion and rotation of the torso.

Internal Oblique :

Internal obliques sit lower and deeper than the external obliques and perform many of the same functions. They lie on the sides of the rectus abdominis, running from the sides of the trunk toward the middle. This muscle is broad and thin. They work with your external oblique muscles to allow the trunk to twist and turn.

Origin & Insertion:
Begins on the iliac crest of the pelvis and connects onto the lower ribs (10-12).

Deep Muscles that Work with Abdominal Muscles:

Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum
Pelvic floor
Multifidus

Rectus Abdominus:

This muscle goes down from your ribs on either side of the abdomen to the front of the pelvis. When contracting, this muscle has the characteristic bumps or bulges that are commonly called ‘the six pack’. The main function of the rectus abdominis is to stabilize the body during movements and holding the internal organs in place.

Pyramidalis:

This is a vertical, triangular shaped muscle located at the base of the pubic bone. It sits in front of the rectus abdominis. The pyramidalis help maintain internal pressure in the abdomen.

Transverse Abdominus:

They are the deepest of the flat muscles, layered on top of the internal obliques. These muscles help stabilize the trunk and maintain internal abdominal pressure.

Posterior Muscles working with Abdomen

The quadratus lumborum muscle is a quadrilateral shaped sheet of thick muscle located in the posterior abdominal wall.

Psoas major is a long, thick, fusiform muscle located in the lumbar region of the trunk lateral to the lumbar vertebrae.

Multifidus & Erector Spinae:

Multifidus are a group of short, triangular muscles found on either side of vertebral column, extending from the cervical up to the lumbar spine. Erector Spinae muscles are one of the deep muscles of the back. They extend on either side of the vertebral column and operate to extend the spine, move the vertebral column and maintain posture during walking.

Muscles that form the "Core"

Abdominal Muscles
Back Muscles
Pelvic floor muscles
Diaphragm

Conclusion

All the above mentioned muscle groups in the torso, or core, namely abdominal muscles, pelvic floor muscles, back muscles and diaphragm allow the body to absorb outside pressure and protects the spine and internal organs. Strength in these muscle groups is required to stabilize your core and secure your organs. Flexibility should also be present so that the muscles can be stretched and relaxed.

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